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Phosphofructokinase (PFK-M) Deficiency in English Springer Spaniels (PFKM): What the Research Actually Shows

The English Springer Spaniel is the anchor breed in which canine muscle-type phosphofructokinase (PFK-M) deficiency, als...
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Factor VII Deficiency in Beagles (F7): What the Research Actually Shows — and Why It’s Usually Mild

The short answer: Factor VII (FVII) deficiency is an inherited, autosomal-recessive trait in Beagles caused by one varia...
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Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Macrothrombocytopenia (TUBB1): Big Platelets, Low Count, No Bleeding — Why It’s Often Misdiagnosed

The short answer: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is the founder breed for inherited macrothrombocytopenia caused by t...
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Great Pyrenees and Canine Multifocal Retinopathy (CMR1): What the BEST1 Gene Test Really Tells You

The short answer: The Great Pyrenees is one of the original breeds in which Canine Multifocal Retinopathy type 1 (CMR1) ...
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Exercise-Induced Collapse (EIC) in Chesapeake Bay Retrievers: The DNM1 Gene, Carrier Rates, and What the Test Really Tells You

The short answer: Exercise-Induced Collapse (EIC) in the Chesapeake Bay Retriever is linked to a recessive mutation in t...
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Devon Rex Blood Type B (CMAH): Neonatal Isoerythrolysis, Transfusion Safety, and Why Breeders Blood-Type First

The short answer: Cats have blood types A, B, and AB, set by the CMAH gene. The Devon Rex is one of the highest type-B b...
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Newfoundland Cystinuria (SLC3A1): Cystine Stones, the Male-Obstruction Emergency, and What a DNA Test Tells You

The short answer: The Newfoundland was the breed in which canine cystinuria was first traced to a gene — a recessive var...
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Why Every Dalmatian Has High Uric Acid (SLC2A9 / HUU): Preventing Urate Stones with Diet

The short answer: Every Dalmatian carries two copies of the same SLC2A9 variant (p.Cys188Phe), so high urinary uric acid...
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Von Willebrand Disease Type 1 in Manchester Terriers: What Clear, Carrier, or Affected Really Means

The short answer: The Manchester Terrier is a documented, breed-club-active von Willebrand Disease Type 1 (vWD1) breed c...
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Ocicat and Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA-rdAc / CEP290): What the DNA Test Really Tells You

The short answer: The Ocicat is a wholly American-created breed (Michigan, 1964), and like several cat breeds it can car...